日本的垃圾按「可燃・不可燃・资源・粗大」分类，收集日随地区不同。分错会被退回，并贴上警示贴纸。

Garbage is strictly sorted into burnable, non-burnable, recyclable, and bulky categories. Collection days vary by ward.

• 燃やせるゴミ（可燃）：厨余、纸屑、尿布等
• 燃やせないゴミ（不可燃）：小金属、陶瓷、玻璃碎片
• 資源ゴミ（资源）：PET 瓶、铝罐、纸箱，需洗净分开
• 粗大ゴミ（大件）：家具、家电，需提前预约付费

• Burnable: food waste, paper scraps, diapers
• Non-burnable: small metals, ceramics, glass
• Recyclable: PET bottles, cans, cardboard — rinse & separate
• Bulky: furniture, appliances — book pickup & pay fee

日本年均有感地震上千次。手机会先响「紧急地震速报」——先护头、远离高物，等震停再行动。

Japan experiences thousands of felt earthquakes per year. Phones ring an Early Warning alert — protect your head, move away from heavy objects.

• 开启手机「緊急地震速報」推送（iPhone/Android 都默认开）
• 家中常备手电筒、饮用水（3日分）、应急食品
• 记下所在区的指定避难所位置（通常是附近小学）
• 大震后优先确认家人安全，再考虑外出

• Enable Earthquake Early Warning on your phone (on by default)
• Keep flashlight, 3 days of water & emergency food at home
• Know your designated evacuation site (usually a local school)
• After a quake: check family first before going out

车厢内保持安静是基本共识。通话、大声说话、吃东西都会被侧目——这不是规定，但是共同默契。

Quiet is the default. Calls, loud talking, and eating will get disapproving looks — it's social convention, not law.

• 车内手机调静音，不要通话
• 优先席（シルバーシート）附近建议关闭手机信号
• 背包高峰期请放到身前或架上
• 排队上车，不要横冲

• Phones on silent, no voice calls
• Near priority seats, turn signal off during rush hour
• Rush hour: move backpack to front or overhead rack
• Queue up — no shoving

在日居住满 3 个月以上必须加入。加入后看病个人只付 30%，是日本生活最核心的社保。

Required for residents staying 3+ months. Cuts your out-of-pocket medical cost to 30% — core safety net.

• 到市区役所「保険年金課」办理，带在留卡
• 费用按前一年收入计算（初到日本通常最低档）
• 拿到保険証后，看病在挂号时一并出示
• 公司员工则自动加入「社会保険」，不需单独办

• Apply at your ward office's insurance desk with your residence card
• Premium is based on prior-year income (new arrivals pay minimum)
• Show the insurance card when registering at hospitals
• Full-time employees are auto-enrolled in Shakai Hoken instead

12 位个人识别号，办税、工作、社保、开户时都会要。搬入住所后会自动寄送通知卡。

A 12-digit personal ID used for tax, employment, social security, and bank accounts. Notification arrives after you register an address.

• 通知カード是纸质，マイナンバーカード（IC 卡）需另申请
• IC 卡可当作身份证用，也能做税务 e-Tax
• 号码需严格保密，不要随意交付给第三方
• 更新地址时记得携带 IC 卡到区役所登记

• The paper notification is separate from the plastic My Number Card (apply yourself)
• The plastic card serves as photo ID and enables online tax filing (e-Tax)
• Treat the number as sensitive — share only with employer, bank, etc.
• Update your card at the ward office after moving

中长期居留者入境时发放。法律要求随身携带，警察可随时查验，不带会被罚款甚至拘留。

Issued on arrival to mid/long-term residents. You must carry it at all times — police can ask to see it; failure risks a fine.

• 搬家后 14 天内，必须到新住所的市区役所登记
• 姓名、国籍、签证类型变更需到入管局申报
• 到期前 3 个月可申请更新，切勿过期
• 遗失需立刻到警察署报失并到入管局补办

• After moving, register the new address at the ward office within 14 days
• Report changes (name, nationality, visa type) to Immigration
• Renewal can be filed 3 months before expiry — do not overstay
• If lost: report to police, then reissue at Immigration

初到日本最容易开户的是「ゆうちょ銀行」（邮政银行）。主要都市银行（三菱UFJ、みずほ等）通常要求在留 6 个月以上。

Japan Post Bank (Yucho) is easiest for newcomers. Major city banks usually require 6+ months of residence.

• 必带：在留卡、住民票、印鉴（或签名）
• 电话号码通常是必填，建议先办手机
• ゆうちょ 当天可开，都市银行需 1–2 周
• 网银 App 多数支持中文或英文

• Bring: residence card, juminhyo, hanko (or signature)
• A Japanese phone number is usually required — get SIM first
• Yucho opens same day; city banks take 1–2 weeks
• Most mobile banking apps offer English/Chinese

确定新住所后 14 天内，必须到市区役所办「転入届」。住民票是租房、开户、办保险的基础。

Within 14 days of moving to a new address, file a Move-In notification at the ward office. Juminhyo is the base doc for rent, banking, insurance.

• 带在留カード + 旧住所的「転出証明書」（同市内搬家不需要）
• 当场更新在留カード背面的住址
• 可同时申请健康保险、年金等
• 需要纸质住民票副本时按 300 円/份收费

• Bring residence card + Move-Out certificate from previous city
• Your residence card address is updated on the spot
• Can enroll in health insurance & pension at the same window
• Paper copies of juminhyo cost ~300 yen each